3 Copyright 2003, 2006 -- Danilo "angry with PHP[1]" Segan
4 Licensed under GPLv2 (or any later version, see COPYING)
6 [1] PHP is actually cyrillic, and translates roughly to
7 "works-doesn't-work" (UTF-8: Ради-Не-Ради)
12 How many times did you look for a good translation tool, and
13 found out that gettext is best for the job? Many times.
15 How many times did you try to use gettext in PHP, but failed
16 miserably, because either your hosting provider didn't support
17 it, or the server didn't have adequate locale? Many times.
19 Well, this is a solution to your needs. It allows using gettext
20 tools for managing translations, yet it doesn't require gettext
21 library at all. It parses generated MO files directly, and thus
22 might be a bit slower than the (maybe provided) gettext library.
24 PHP-gettext is a simple reader for GNU gettext MO files. Those
25 are binary containers for translations, produced by GNU msgfmt.
29 I got used to having gettext work even without gettext
30 library. It's there in my favourite language Python, so I was
31 surprised that I couldn't find it in PHP. I even Googled for it,
34 So, I said, what the heck, I'm going to write it for this
35 disguisting language of PHP, because I'm often constrained to it.
39 o Support for simple translations
40 Just define a simple alias for translate() function (suggested
41 use of _() or gettext(); see provided example).
43 o Support for ngettext calls (plural forms, see a note under bugs)
44 You may also use plural forms. Translations in MO files need to
45 provide this, and they must also provide "plural-forms" header.
46 Please see 'info gettext' for more details.
48 o Support for reading straight files, or strings (!!!)
49 Since I can imagine many different backends for reading in the MO
50 file data, I used imaginary abstract class StreamReader to do all
51 the input (check streams.php). For your convenience, I've already
52 provided two classes for reading files: FileReader and
53 StringReader (CachedFileReader is a combination of the two: it
54 loads entire file contents into a string, and then works on that).
55 See example below for usage. You can for instance use StringReader
56 when you read in data from a database, or you can create your own
57 derivative of StreamReader for anything you like.
62 Plural-forms field in MO header (translation for empty string,
63 i.e. "") is treated according to PHP syntactic rules (it's
64 eval()ed). Since these should actually follow C syntax, there are
67 For instance, I'm used to using this:
68 Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : \
69 n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2;
70 but it fails with PHP (it sets $plural=2 instead of 0 for $n==1).
72 The fix is usually simple, but I'm lazy to go into the details of
73 PHP operator precedence, and maybe try to fix it. In here, I had
74 to put everything after the first ':' in parenthesis:
75 Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : \
76 (n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);
77 That works, and I'm satisfied.
79 Besides this one, there are probably a bunch of other bugs, since
80 I hate PHP (did I mention it already? no? strange), and don't
81 know it very well. So, feel free to fix any of those and report
82 them back to me at <danilo@kvota.net>.
86 Put files streams.php and gettext.php somewhere you can load them
87 from, and require 'em in where you want to use them.
89 Then, create one 'stream reader' (a class that provides functions
90 like read(), seekto(), currentpos() and length()) which will
91 provide data for the 'gettext_reader', with eg.
92 $streamer = new FileStream('data.mo');
94 Then, use that as a parameter to gettext_reader constructor:
95 $wohoo = new gettext_reader($streamer);
97 If you want to disable pre-loading of entire message catalog in
98 memory (if, for example, you have a multi-thousand message catalog
99 which you'll use only occasionally), use "false" for second
100 parameter to gettext_reader constructor:
101 $wohoo = new gettext_reader($streamer, false);
103 From now on, you have all the benefits of gettext data at your
104 disposal, so may run:
105 print $wohoo->translate("This is a test");
106 print $wohoo->ngettext("%d bird", "%d birds", $birds);
108 You might need to pass parameter "-k" to xgettext to make it
109 extract all the strings. In above example, try with
110 xgettext -ktranslate -kngettext:1,2 file.php
111 what should create messages.po which contains two messages for
114 I suggest creating simple aliases for these functions (see
115 example/pigs.php for how do I do it, which means it's probably a
119 Usage with gettext.inc (standard gettext interfaces emulation)
121 Check example in examples/pig_dropin.php, basically you include
122 gettext.inc and use all the standard gettext interfaces as
125 http://www.php.net/gettext
127 The only catch is that you can check return value of setlocale()
128 to see if your locale is system supported or not.
133 See in examples/ subdirectory. There are a couple of files.
134 pigs.php is an example, serbian.po is a translation to Serbian
135 language, and serbian.mo is generated with
136 msgfmt -o serbian.mo serbian.po
137 There is also simple "update" script that can be used to generate
138 POT file and to update the translation using msgmerge.
142 o Try to parse "plural-forms" header field, and to follow C syntax
143 rules. This won't be easy.
147 o Learn PHP and fix bugs, slowness and other stuff resulting from
148 my lack of knowledge (but *maybe*, it's not my knowledge that is
149 bad, but PHP itself ;-).
151 (This is mostly done thanks to Nico Kaiser.)
153 o Try to use hash tables in MO files: with pre-loading, would it
156 Never-asked-questions:
158 o Why did you mark this as version 1.0 when this is the first code
161 Well, it's quite simple. I consider that the first released thing
162 should be labeled "version 1" (first, right?). Zero is there to
163 indicate that there's zero improvement and/or change compared to
166 I plan to use version numbers 1.0.* for small bugfixes, and to
167 release 1.1 as "first stable release of version 1".
169 This may trick someone that this is actually useful software, but
170 as with any other free software, I take NO RESPONSIBILITY for
171 creating such a masterpiece that will smoke crack, trash your
172 hard disk, and make lasers in your CD device dance to the tune of
173 Mozart's 40th Symphony (there is one like that, right?).
177 Yes, you can. This is free software (as in freedom, free speech),
178 and you might do whatever you wish with it, provided you do not
179 limit freedom of others (GPL).
181 I'm considering licensing this under LGPL, but I *do* want
182 *every* PHP-gettext user to contribute and respect ideas of free
183 software, so don't count on it happening anytime soon.
185 I'm sorry that I'm taking away your freedom of taking others'
186 freedom away, but I believe that's neglible as compared to what
187 freedoms you could take away. ;-)