<div class="bodybox">
<div class="warning">
-<p>Did you know <em>Happy Birthday</em> is copyrighted and the copyright is
+<p>Did you know <cite>Happy Birthday</cite> is copyrighted and the copyright is
currently owned and actively enforced by Time Warner?</p>
<p>Did you know that if you sing any copyrighted song:<br />
You are involved in a public performance of that work?</p>
<p>Did you know an unauthorized public performance is a form of
-<em>copyright infringement?</em>?</p>
+<em>copyright infringement</em>?</p>
</div>
-<h2>Is <em>Happy Birthday</em> Really Copyrighted?</h2>
+<h2>Is <cite>Happy Birthday</cite> Really Copyrighted?</h2>
<p><em>Yes</em>.</p>
-<p>The melody for <em>Happy Birthday</em> was first penned by two
-sisters from Kentucky: Mildred J. Hill and Patty Smith Hill. The song
-was called <em>Good Morning to All</em> but bore the recognizable
-melody. The tune was first published in 1893 in the book <em>Song
-Stories for the Kindergarten</em>. The tune has since past into the
-public domain and is safe to hum in public without permission.</p>
+<p>The melody for <cite>Happy Birthday</cite> was first penned by two
+sisters from Kentucky, Mildred J. Hill and Patty Smith Hill. The song
+was called <cite>Good Morning to All</cite>, but bore the recognizable
+melody. The tune was first published in 1893 in the book <cite>Song
+Stories for the Kindergarten</cite>. The melody has since passed into the
+public domain, and is safe to hum in public without permission.</p>
<p>While it is not entirely clear who first wrote down the words for
-<em>Happy Birthday</em>, it showed up in a few places before Jessica
+<cite>Happy Birthday</cite>, it showed up in a few places before Jessica
Hill (another Hill sister) was able to demonstrate undeniable
-similarities between <em>Good Morning to All</em> and <em>Happy
-Birthday</em> and to secure the copyright to the song.</p>
+similarities between <cite>Good Morning to All</cite> and <cite>Happy
+Birthday</cite> and to secure the copyright to the song.</p>
<p>Working with the Clayton F. Summy Publishing Company, Jessica Hill
-published and copyrighted "Happy Birthday" in 1935. While the
+published and copyrighted <cite>Happy Birthday</cite> in 1935. While the
copyright should have expired in 1991, copyright has been extended
repeatedly over the last quarter of the twentieth century and the
-copyright for <em>Happy Birthday</em> is now not due to expire until
+copyright for <cite>Happy Birthday</cite> is now not due to expire until
at least 2030.</p>
-<p>The Clayton F. Summy Company is now long gone but, through a chain
-of purchases, the copyright for <em>Happy Birthday To You</em> lies
-securely in the hands of the Time Warner company. <em>Happy
-Birthday's</
em> copyright is enforced by <a
-href="http://www.ascap.com/">ASCAP</a> and the simple little ditty
-brings in more than USD $2 million in annual royalties.</p>
+<p>The Clayton F. Summy Company is no longer independent, but, through
+a chain of purchases, the copyright for <cite>Happy Birthday To You</cite>
+lies securely in the hands of the Time Warner company. <cite>Happy
+Birthday's</
cite> copyright is licensed and enforced by <a
+href="http://www.ascap.com/">ASCAP</a>, and the simple little ditty
+brings in more than USD $2 million in annual royalties.</p>
<p>For more information on the history of the tune, lyrics, and
-copyright status check out these resources:</p>
+copyright status, check out these resources:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.snopes.com/music/songs/birthday.htm">Snopes'
-article on the legal status of <em>Happy Birthday</em></a></li>
+article on the legal status of <cite>Happy Birthday</cite></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.boycott-riaa.com/article/15999">Boycott-RIAA's
-article on <em>Happy Birthday</em> and copyright</a></li>
+article on <cite>Happy Birthday</cite> and copyright</a></li>
<li><a
href="http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2003/7/5/112441/6280">Kuro5hin's
-article on parts of the history of <em>Happy Birthday</em> that you might not
+article on parts of the history of <cite>Happy Birthday</cite> that you might not
hear.</a></li>
</ul>
-<h2>Is Singing <em>Happy Birthday</em> in Public Really Copyright
-Infringement</h2>
+<h2>Is Singing <cite>Happy Birthday</cite> in Public Really Copyright
+Infringement?</h2>
<p><em>Yes</em>.</p>
-<p>According to United States copyright law in <a
+<p>According to United States copyright law in
United States Code, <a
href="http://assembler.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode17/usc_sec_17_00000106----000-.html">Title
-17 §106</a>, authors of works have the <em>exclusive</em> right "to
-perform the copyrighted work publicly." In <a
+17 §106</a>, authors of works such as musical compositions have the
+<em>exclusive</em> right "to perform the copyrighted work publicly." In
+United States Code, <a
href="http://assembler.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode17/usc_sec_17_00000101----000-.html">Title
17 §101</a>, the law defines publicly performing a work as "to perform
or display it at a place open to the public or at any place where a
substantial number of persons outside of a normal circle of a family
and its social acquaintances is gathered."</p>
-<p>This means that if you sing happy birthday to your family at home,
-you're probably not committing copyright infringment. However, if you
+<p>This means that if you sing <cite>Happy Birthday</cite> to your family at
+home, you're probably not committing copyright infringment. However, if you
do it in an restaurant — and if the restaurant hasn't already worked
out a deal with ASCAP — you may be engaging in <em>copyright
infringement</em>.</p>
<p>The best way to stop infringement is to tell the authorities and
the owners so that they can follow up and arrange for a license and
-for royalties to be paid. Licenses for <em>Happy Birthday</em> are
-controlled by ASCAP. While for a single restaurant performance,
-monetary royalties will be negligable, it is the principle that is at
+for royalties to be paid. Licenses for <cite>Happy Birthday</cite> are
+controlled by ASCAP. While monetary royalties will be negligible for a
+single restaurant performance, it is the principle that is at
stake.</p>
-<p>If you have seen someone singing happy birthday in a restaurant, a
-park, or at a school, you should tell ASCAP so that they can arrange
+<p>If you have seen someone singing <cite>Happy Birthday</cite> in a restaurant,
+a park, or at a school, you should tell ASCAP so that they can arrange
for a license. If you are an offender, you should apologize and offer
to pay whatever is due — a nickel, a quarter, a dollar —
whatever ASCAP demands.</p>
-<p>There is an overwhelming amount copyright infringement of <em>Happy
-Birthday</em>. </em> Let's right the balance and tell ASCAP about
-every one of them!</p>
+<p>There is an overwhelming amount of copyright infringement of <cite>Happy
+Birthday</cite>. Let's right the balance and tell ASCAP about
+every one of these violations!</p>
<p>There are many ways to get in contact with ASCAP:</p>
</blockquote>
-<p>If you're going send a message, here's a sample message. You'll
-want to modify yours to include information to include correct details
-on the infringement:</p>
+<p>If you're going send a message, here's a sample letter. (Before
+sending such a letter, please be sure that the venue where you saw
+<cite>Happy Birthday</cite> performed is not ASCAP-licensed, as some
+restaurants, nightclubs, etc., do have blanket ASCAP catalogue licenses
+that might exempt patrons from copyright liability for singing during
+dinner.) You'll want to modify yours to include correct details on the
+infringement:</p>
<blockquote>
<pre>Dear ASCAP,
-The copyrighted status of "Happy Birthday To You" and and the law
+The copyright status of "Happy Birthday To You" and and the law
related to public performances of copyrighted works have recently been
brought to my attention. I am very concerned by the public's apparent
disregard for copyright law demonstrated by rampant infringement of
"Happy Birthday To You."
It is with this in mind that I wish to bring to your attention a
-recent unauthorized performance:
+recent unauthorized public performance:
- -->> WHEN (e.g., December 10, 2004)
- -->> WHERE (e.g., at the Vol De Nuit at 148 West 4th Street in New York
- -->> WHO (e.g., a group of patrons and the barstaff)
+ -->> WHEN (e.g., December 10, 2004)
+ -->> WHERE (e.g., at the Vol De Nuit at 148 West 4th Street in New York)
+ -->> WHO (e.g., a group of patrons and the barstaff)
I hope that you are able to quickly follow up on this and to enforce
-your copyright and extract the necessary royalties and licenses from
+your copyright and extract the necessary royalties or licenses from
the offenders.
It is, in part, because of your lax and selective enforcement of your
copyright that most people do not realize that "Happy Birthday To You"
is even copyrighted at all.
-In the event that you choose to continue selective enforcement of
-"Happy Birthday To You", for whatever reason, please considering
-asking Congress to change copyright law to reflect the way that most
-people view and interact with copyrighted works such as "Happy
+In the event that you choose to continue selectively enforcing the
+copyright in "Happy Birthday To You," for whatever reason, please
+consider asking Congress to change copyright law to reflect the way that
+most people view and interact with copyrighted works such as "Happy
Birthday."
-Regards,
--->> YOUR NAME
--->> YOUR ADDRESS
+Sincerely yours,
+-->> YOUR NAME
+-->> YOUR ADDRESS
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Unhappy Birthday</strong> is a grassroots project run by
citizens who are outraged by rampant copyright infringement in today's
-society — particularly in relation to the song <em>Happy
-Birthday</em>.</p>
+society — particularly in relation to the song <cite>Happy
+Birthday</cite>.</p>
-<p>You can support us by buying overpriced
tat in the <a
+<p>You can support us by buying overpriced
items in the <a
href="http://www.cafepress.com/unhappybirthday">official Unhappy
Birthday store</a>.</p>
projects / unhappybirthday / blobdiff