1 # election library -- a ruby library for elections
2 # copyright © 2005 MIT Media Lab and Benjamin Mako Hill
4 # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
7 # (at your option) any later version.
9 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
10 # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
12 # General Public License for more details.
14 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16 # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
19 #################################################################
20 ## ==== condorcet.rb ====
22 ## This file contains Condorcet election methods. Currently this
23 ## includes a pure condorcet and a CloneproofSSD implementation
24 ## modeled after the Python-based Debian project election code and
25 ## that gives the same results in several tested corner cases.
26 #################################################################
28 ##################################################################
29 ## CondorcetVote Classes and SubClasses
31 ## The CondorcetVote class is subclassed by the PureCondorcetVote and
32 ## the CloneproofSSDVote classes but should not be used directly.
34 class CondorcetVote < ElectionVote
36 attr_accessor :results
38 def initialize(votes=nil)
39 unless defined?(@candidates)
40 @candidates = Array.new
41 votes.each do |vote_row|
42 vote_row = vote_row.flatten if vote_row.class == Array
43 vote_row.each do |vote|
44 @candidates << vote unless @candidates.include?(vote)
52 def tally_vote(vote=nil)
54 vote.each_with_index do |winners, index|
55 if vote.flatten.length < @candidates.length
56 implied_losers = @candidates.select { |c| not vote.flatten.include?(c) }
57 vote.push(implied_losers)
59 if vote.length - 1 == index
62 losers = vote.flatten.last( vote.flatten.length - index - 1)
65 losers.each do |place|
66 place = [place] unless place.class == Array
69 winners = [winners] unless winners.class == Array
70 next if winners.include?(loser)
71 winners.each do |winner|
72 @votes[winner] = Hash.new unless @votes.has_key?(winner)
73 @votes[loser] = Hash.new unless @votes.has_key?(loser)
75 if @votes[winner].has_key?(loser)
76 @votes[winner][loser] += 1
78 @votes[winner][loser] = 1
81 # make sure we have a comparable object
82 @votes[loser][winner] = 0 unless @votes[loser].has_key?( winner )
90 if @results.size < 2 && (not @candidates.empty?)
97 find_only_winner unless @winner
103 def verify_vote(vote=nil)
104 vote.instance_of?( Array ) and
109 find_only_winner unless @winner
110 until @candidates.empty?
111 aResult = resultFactory( self )
112 @results << aResult.winners
118 @winner = resultFactory( self )
119 @results << @winner.winners
125 class PureCondorcetVote < CondorcetVote
126 def resultFactory(init)
127 PureCondorcetResult.new(init)
131 class CloneproofSSDVote < CondorcetVote
132 def resultFactory(init)
133 CloneproofSSDResult.new(init)
139 ##################################################################
140 ## CondorcetResult Classes and SubClasses
142 ## The CondorcetResult class is subclassed by the PureCondorcetResult
143 ## and the CloneproofSSDResult classes but should not be used
146 class CondorcetResult < ElectionResult
149 def initialize(voteobj=nil)
150 unless voteobj and voteobj.kind_of?( CondorcetVote )
151 raise ArgumentError, "You must pass a CondorcetVote array.", caller
154 @matrix = voteobj.votes
160 candidates = @matrix.keys.sort
162 candidates.each do |candidate|
163 candidates.each do |challenger|
164 next if candidate == challenger
165 diff = @matrix[candidate][challenger] - @matrix[challenger][candidate]
167 victors << [candidate, challenger, diff]
168 elsif diff == 0 && ties.include?([challenger, candidate]) == false
169 ties << [candidate, challenger]
174 victories = victors.sort {|a,b| b[2] <=> a[2]}
176 return victories, ties
180 def defeats(candidates=nil, votes=nil)
181 candidates = @election.candidates unless candidates
182 votes = @election.votes unless votes
185 candidates = [candidates] unless candidates.class == Array
186 candidates.each do |candidate|
187 candidates.each do |challenger|
188 next if candidate == challenger
189 if votes[candidate][challenger] > votes[challenger][candidate]
190 defeats << [ candidate, challenger ]
200 class PureCondorcetResult < CondorcetResult
201 def initialize(voteobj=nil)
209 votes = @election.votes
210 candidates = @election.candidates
211 unless votes.length>0 and candidates.length>0
216 candidates.each do |candidate|
217 victors[candidate] = Array.new
220 self.defeats.each do |pair|
221 winner, loser = *pair
222 victors[winner] << loser
227 winners = @election.candidates.find_all do |candidate|
228 victors[candidate].length == @election.candidates.length - victory_margin
230 if winners.length > 0
240 class CloneproofSSDResult < CondorcetResult
241 def initialize(voteobj=nil)
243 @winners = self.cpssd()
250 votes = @election.votes
251 candidates = *@election.candidates
253 def in_schwartz_set?(candidate, candidates, transitive_defeats)
254 candidates.each do |challenger|
255 next if candidate == challenger
257 if transitive_defeats.include?( [ challenger, candidate ] ) and
258 not transitive_defeats.include?( [ candidate, challenger ] )
267 # see the array with the standard defeats
268 transitive_defeats = self.defeats(candidates, votes)
269 defeats_hash = Hash.new
270 transitive_defeats.each { |td| defeats_hash[td] = 1 }
272 candidates = [candidates] unless candidates.class == Array
273 candidates.each do |cand1|
274 candidates.each do |cand2|
275 unless cand1 == cand2
276 candidates.each do |cand3|
277 if not cand2 == cand3 and
278 not cand1 == cand3 and
279 defeats_hash[[cand2, cand1]] and
280 defeats_hash[[cand1, cand3]] and
281 not defeats_hash[[cand2, cand3]]
282 transitive_defeats << [cand2, cand3]
283 defeats_hash[[cand2, cand3]] = 1
290 schwartz_set = Array.new
291 candidates.each do |candidate|
292 if in_schwartz_set?(candidate, candidates, transitive_defeats)
293 schwartz_set << candidate
297 candidates = schwartz_set
299 # look through the schwartz set now for defeats
300 defeats = self.defeats(candidates, votes)
302 # it's a tie or there's only one option
303 break if defeats.length == 0
305 def is_weaker_defeat?( pair1, pair2 )
306 votes = @election.votes
307 if votes[pair1[0]][pair1[1]] > votes[pair2[0]][pair2[1]]
309 elsif votes[pair1[0]][pair1[1]] == votes[pair2[0]][pair2[1]] and
310 votes[pair1[1]][pair1[0]] > votes[pair2[1]][pair2[0]]
317 defeats.sort! do |pair1, pair2|
318 if is_weaker_defeat?( pair1, pair2 )
320 elsif is_weaker_defeat?( pair2, pair1 )
327 votes[defeats[0][0]][defeats[0][1]] = 0
328 votes[defeats[0][1]][defeats[0][0]] = 0