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+
+  UTF-8 SAMPLER
+
+  Â¥ Â· Â£ Â· â¬ Â· $ Â· Â¢ Â· â¡ Â· â¢ Â· â£ Â· â¤ Â· â¥ Â· â¦ Â· â§ Â· â¨ Â· â© Â· âª Â· â« Â· â­ Â· â® Â· â¯
+
+    Frank da Cruz
+    The Kermit Project - Columbia University <index.html>
+    New York City
+    fdc@columbia.edu <mailto:fdc@columbia.edu>
+
+    /Last update:/ Sun Jun 12 20:24:10 2005
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+[ PEACE <http://www.columbia.edu/~fdc/pace/> ] [ Poetry <#poetry> ] [ I
+Can Eat Glass <#glass> ] [ The Quick Brown Fox <#quickbrownfox> ] [ HTML
+Features <#html> ] [ Credits, Tools, Commentary <#credits> ]
+
+UTF-8 is an ASCII-preserving encoding method for Unicode <unicode.html>
+(ISO 10646), the Universal Character Set (UCS). The UCS encodes most of
+the world's writing systems in a single character set, allowing you to
+mix languages and scripts within a document without needing any tricks
+for switching character sets. This web page is encoded directly in UTF-8.
+
+As shown HERE <glass.html>, Columbia University's Kermit 95 <k95.html>
+terminal emulation software can display UTF-8 plain text in Windows 95,
+98, ME, NT, XP, or 2000 when using a monospace Unicode font like Andale
+Mono WT J <http://www.monotype.com> or Everson Mono Terminal
+<http://www.evertype.com/emono/>, or the lesser populated Courier New,
+Lucida Console, or Andale Mono. C-Kermit <ckermit.html> can handle it
+too, if you have a Unicode display
+<http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html>. As many languages as are
+representable in your font can be seen on the screen at the same time.
+
+This, however, is a Web page. Some Web browsers can handle UTF-8, some
+can't. And those that can might not have a sufficiently populated font
+to work with (some browsers might pick glyphs dynamically from multiple
+fonts; Netscape 6 seems to do this). CLICK HERE
+<http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts.html> for a survey of Unicode
+fonts for Windows.
+
+The subtitle above shows currency symbols of many lands. If they don't
+appear as blobs, we're off to a good start!
+
+
+      ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      Poetry
+
+From the Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem <http://www.ragweedforge.com/poems.html>
+(Rune version):
+
+    á áá»á«áá¦á¦á«á á±á©á á¢á±á«á áá±áªá«á·áá»á¹á¦áá³á¢á
+    áá³ááªáá«á¦ááªá»á«ááªá¾á¾áªá«á·áá»á¹á¦áá³á«ááá³áá¢á¾á«á»á¦áá«áá«ááªá¾
+    á·áá á«á»áá«á¹áááá«á á©á±á«áá±áá»áá¾áá«áá©áááá«á»ááááªá¾á¬
+
+From LaÈamon's/ Brut <http://mesl.itd.umich.edu/b/brut/>/ (/The
+Chronicles of England/, Middle English, West Midlands):
+
+    An preost wes on leoden, LaÈamon was ihoten
+    He wes LeovenaÃ°es sone -- liÃ°e him be Drihten.
+    He wonede at ErnleÈe at Ã¦Ã°elen are chirechen,
+    Uppen Sevarne staÃ¾e, sel Ã¾ar him Ã¾uhte,
+    Onfest Radestone, Ã¾er he bock radde. 
+
+(The third letter in the author's name is Yogh, missing from many fonts;
+CLICK HERE <st-erkenwald.html> for another Middle English sample with
+some explanation of letters and encoding).
+
+From the Tagelied of *Wolfram von Eschenbach*
+<http://gutenberg.spiegel.de/autoren/eschenba.htm> (Middle High German):
+
+    SÃ®ne klÃ¢wen durh die wolken sint geslagen,
+    er stÃ®get Ã»f mit grÃ´zer kraft,
+    ich sih in grÃ¢wen tÃ¤gelÃ®ch als er wil tagen,
+    den tac, der im geselleschaft
+    erwenden wil, dem werden man,
+    den ich mit sorgen Ã®n verliez.
+    ich bringe in hinnen, ob ich kan.
+    sÃ®n vil manegiu tugent michz leisten hiez.
+
+Some lines of *Odysseus Elytis*
+<http://users.hol.gr/~artemis/odysseas_elytis.htm> (Greek):
+
+    Î¤Î· Î³Î»ÏÏÏÎ± Î¼Î¿Ï Î­Î´ÏÏÎ±Î½ ÎµÎ»Î»Î·Î½Î¹ÎºÎ®
+    ÏÎ¿ ÏÏÎ¯ÏÎ¹ ÏÏÏÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î±Î¼Î¼Î¿ÏÎ´Î¹Î­Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÎ¼Î®ÏÎ¿Ï.
+    ÎÎ¿Î½Î¬ÏÎ· Î­Î³Î½Î¿Î¹Î± Î· Î³Î»ÏÏÏÎ± Î¼Î¿Ï ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î±Î¼Î¼Î¿ÏÎ´Î¹Î­Ï ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÎ¼Î®ÏÎ¿Ï.
+
+    Î±ÏÏ ÏÎ¿ ÎÎ¾Î¹Î¿Î½ ÎÏÏÎ¯
+    ÏÎ¿Ï ÎÎ´ÏÏÏÎ­Î± ÎÎ»ÏÏÎ·
+
+The first stanza of *Pushkin*
+<http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/%7Eleong/Russkaya%20Literatura/Aleksandr%20Sergeevich%20Pushkin.htm>'s
+Bronze Horseman (Russian):
+
+    ÐÐ° Ð±ÐµÑÐµÐ³Ñ Ð¿ÑÑÑÑÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½
+    Ð¡ÑÐ¾ÑÐ» Ð¾Ð½, Ð´ÑÐ¼ Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½,
+    Ð Ð²Ð´Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð³Ð»ÑÐ´ÐµÐ». ÐÑÐµÐ´ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾
+    Ð ÐµÐºÐ° Ð½ÐµÑÐ»Ð°ÑÑ; Ð±ÐµÐ´Ð½ÑÐ¹ ÑÑÐ»Ð½
+    ÐÐ¾ Ð½ÐµÐ¹ ÑÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð»ÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð¾ÐºÐ¾.
+    ÐÐ¾ Ð¼ÑÐ¸ÑÑÑÐ¼, ÑÐ¾Ð¿ÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð±ÐµÑÐµÐ³Ð°Ð¼
+    Ð§ÐµÑÐ½ÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð¸Ð·Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð´ÐµÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÐ°Ð¼,
+    ÐÑÐ¸ÑÑ ÑÐ±Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð½ÑÐ°;
+    Ð Ð»ÐµÑ, Ð½ÐµÐ²ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð¼ÑÐ¹ Ð»ÑÑÐ°Ð¼
+    Ð ÑÑÐ¼Ð°Ð½Ðµ ÑÐ¿ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ¾Ð»Ð½ÑÐ°,
+    ÐÑÑÐ³Ð¾Ð¼ ÑÑÐ¼ÐµÐ».
+
+*Å ota Rustaveli*
+<http://www.compling.hu-berlin.de/~johannes/mxedruli/>'s VepÌxis
+TÌ£qÌaosani, Ì£ï¸¡Th, The Knight in the Tiger's Skin (Georgian):
+
+    áááá®áá¡ á¢á§ááá¡ááá á¨ááá á á£á¡áááááá
+
+    á¦ááá áá¡á á¨áááááá á, áá£áá£ áááá áááá®á¡ááá¡ á¡áá¤ááá¡á á¨á áááá¡á, áªááªá®áá¡, á¬á§ááá¡á
+    áá ááá¬áá¡á, á°ááá áá áááá áá áááá¡á; ááááªááá¡ á¤á áááá áá áá¦áá¤á áááá,
+    áááá°á®ááá ááá¡ á©ááá¡á áááááá¡á, áá¦áá¡áá áá á¦áááá áá°á®áááááá áááá¡á áááááá
+    áá áááááá¡á.
+
+Tamil poetry of Cupiramaniya Paarathiyar, à®à¯à®ªà¯à®°à®®à®£à®¿à®¯ à®ªà®¾à®°à®¤à®¿à®¯à®¾à®°à¯ (1882-1921):
+
+    à®¯à®¾à®®à®±à®¿à®¨à¯à®¤ à®®à¯à®´à®¿à®à®³à®¿à®²à¯ à®¤à®®à®¿à®´à¯à®®à¯à®´à®¿ à®ªà¯à®²à¯ à®à®©à®¿à®¤à®¾à®µà®¤à¯ à®à®à¯à®à¯à®®à¯ à®à®¾à®£à¯à®®à¯,
+    à®ªà®¾à®®à®°à®°à®¾à®¯à¯ à®µà®¿à®²à®à¯à®à¯à®à®³à®¾à®¯à¯, à®à®²à®à®©à¯à®¤à¯à®¤à¯à®®à¯ à®à®à®´à¯à®à¯à®à®¿à®à¯à®²à®ªà¯ à®ªà®¾à®©à¯à®®à¯ à®à¯à®à¯à®à¯,
+    à®¨à®¾à®®à®®à®¤à¯ à®¤à®®à®¿à®´à®°à¯à®©à®à¯ à®à¯à®£à¯à®à¯ à®à®à¯à®à¯ à®µà®¾à®´à¯à®¨à¯à®¤à®¿à®à¯à®¤à®²à¯ à®¨à®©à¯à®±à¯? à®à¯à®²à¯à®²à¯à®°à¯!
+
+
+      ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      I Can Eat Glass
+
+And from the sublime to the ridiculous, here is a certain phraseÂ¹
+<#notes> in an assortment of languages:
+
+   1. *Sanskrit*: à¤à¤¾à¤à¤ à¤¶à¤à¥à¤¨à¥à¤®à¥à¤¯à¤¤à¥à¤¤à¥à¤®à¥ à¥¤ à¤¨à¥à¤ªà¤¹à¤¿à¤¨à¤¸à¥à¤¤à¤¿ à¤®à¤¾à¤®à¥ à¥¥
+   2. *Sanskrit* /(standard transcription):/ kÄcaá¹ Åaknomyattum;
+      nopahinasti mÄm.
+   3. *Classical Greek*: á½Î±Î»Î¿Î½ ÏÎ±Î³Îµá¿Î½ Î´á½»Î½Î±Î¼Î±Î¹Î ÏÎ¿á¿¦ÏÎ¿ Î¿á½ Î¼Îµ Î²Î»á½±ÏÏÎµÎ¹.
+   4. *Greek*: ÎÏÎ¿ÏÏ Î½Î± ÏÎ¬Ï ÏÏÎ±ÏÎ¼Î­Î½Î± Î³ÏÎ±Î»Î¹Î¬ ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏÎ¬Î¸Ï ÏÎ¯ÏÎ¿ÏÎ±.
+      *Etruscan*: (NEEDED)
+   5. *Latin*: Vitrum edere possum; mihi non nocet.
+   6. *Old French*: Je puis mangier del voirre. Ne me nuit.
+   7. *French*: Je peux manger du verre, Ã§a ne me fait pas de mal.
+   8. *ProvenÃ§al / Occitan*: PÃ²di manjar de veire, me nafrariÃ¡ pas.
+   9. *QuÃ©bÃ©cois*: J'peux manger d'la vitre, Ã§a m'fa pas mal.
+  10. *Walloon*: Dji pou magnÃ® do vÃªre, Ã§oula m' freut nÃ©n mÃ¥.
+      *Champenois*: (NEEDED)
+      *Lorrain*: (NEEDED)
+  11. *Picard*: Ch'peux mingi du verre, cha m'foÃ© mie n'ma.
+      *Corsican*: (NEEDED)
+  12. *KreyÃ²l Ayisyen*: Mwen kap manje vÃ¨, li pa blese'm.
+  13. *Basque*: Kristala jan dezaket, ez dit minik ematen.
+  14. *Catalan*: Puc menjar vidre que no em fa mal.
+  15. *Spanish*: Puedo comer vidrio, no me hace daÃ±o.
+  16. *Aragones*: Puedo minchar beire, no me'n fa mal .
+  17. *Galician*: Eu podo xantar cristais e non cortarme.
+  18. *Portuguese*: Posso comer vidro, nÃ£o me faz mal.
+  19. *Brazilian Portuguese* (7 <#notes>): Posso comer vidro, nÃ£o me
+      machuca.
+  20. *Caboverdiano*: M' podÃª cumÃª vidru, ca ta maguÃ¢-m'.
+  21. *Papiamentu*: Ami por kome glas anto e no ta hasimi daÃ±o.
+  22. *Italian*: Posso mangiare il vetro e non mi fa male.
+  23. *Milanese*: SÃ´n bÃ´n de magnÃ  el vÃ©der, el me fa minga mal.
+  24. *Roman*: Me posso magna' er vetro, e nun me fa male.
+  25. *Napoletano*: M' pozz magna' o'vetr, e nun m' fa mal.
+  26. *Sicilian*: Puotsu mangiari u vitru, nun mi fa mali.
+  27. *Venetian*: Mi posso magnare el vetro, no'l me fa mae.
+  28. *Zeneise* /(Genovese):/ PÃ²sso mangiÃ¢ o veddro e o no me fÃ  mÃ¢.
+      *Rheto-Romance / Romansch*: (NEEDED)
+      *Romany / Tsigane*: (NEEDED)
+  29. *Romanian*: Pot sÄ mÄnÃ¢nc sticlÄ Èi ea nu mÄ rÄneÈte.
+  30. *Esperanto*: Mi povas manÄi vitron, Äi ne damaÄas min.
+      *Pictish*: (NEEDED)
+      *Breton*: (NEEDED)
+  31. *Cornish*: MÃ½ a yl dybry gwÃ©der hag Ã©f ny wra ow ankenya.
+  32. *Welsh*: Dw i'n gallu bwyta gwydr, 'dyw e ddim yn gwneud dolur i mi.
+  33. *Manx Gaelic*: Foddym gee glonney agh cha jean eh gortaghey mee.
+  34. *Old Irish* /(Ogham):/ ááááááááááááááááááááááááááááá
+  35. *Old Irish* /(Latin):/ ConÂ·iccim ithi nglano. NÃ­mÂ·gÃ©na.
+  36. *Irish*: Is fÃ©idir liom gloinne a ithe. NÃ­ dhÃ©anann sÃ­ dochar ar
+      bith dom.
+  37. *Scottish Gaelic*: S urrainn dhomh gloinne ithe; cha ghoirtich i mi.
+  38. *Anglo-Saxon* /(Runes):/ áá³á«áá¨á·á«á·áá¨áá«áá©ááªá¾á«á©á¾áá«á»ááá«á¾áá«á»ááªá±áááªá§á«ááá¬
+  39. *Anglo-Saxon* /(Latin):/ Ic mÃ¦g glÃ¦s eotan ond hit ne hearmiaÃ° me.
+  40. *Middle English*: Ich canne glas eten and hit hirtiÃ¾ me nouÈt.
+  41. *English*: I can eat glass and it doesn't hurt me.
+  42. *English* /(IPA):/ [aÉª kÃ¦n iËt glÉËs Ã¦nd Éªt dÉz nÉt hÉËt miË]
+      (Received Pronunciation)
+  43. *English* /(Braille):/ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â ¥â â â â â 
+  44. *Lalland Scots / Doric*: Ah can eat gless, it disnae hurt us.
+      *Glaswegian*: (NEEDED)
+  45. *Gothic* (4 <#notes>): ð¼ð°ð² ð²ð»ð´ð ð¹Ìðð°ð½, ð½ð¹ ð¼ð¹ð ðð¿
+      ð½ð³ð°ð½ ð±ðð¹ð²ð²ð¹ð¸.
+  46. *Old Norse* /(Runes):/ áá´ á·áá ááá á§ á·ááá± áá¾ á¦ááá á¨á§ á¡á á±á§á¨ áá¨á±
+  47. *Old Norse* /(Latin):/ Ek get etiÃ° gler Ã¡n Ã¾ess aÃ° verÃ°a sÃ¡r.
+  48. *Norsk / Norwegian (Nynorsk):* Eg kan eta glas utan Ã¥ skada meg.
+  49. *Norsk / Norwegian (BokmÃ¥l):* Jeg kan spise glass uten Ã¥ skade meg.
+      *FÃ¸royskt / Faroese*: (NEEDED)
+  50. *Ãslenska / Icelandic*: Ãg get etiÃ° gler Ã¡n Ã¾ess aÃ° meiÃ°a mig.
+  51. *Svenska / Swedish*: Jag kan Ã¤ta glas utan att skada mig.
+  52. *Dansk / Danish*: Jeg kan spise glas, det gÃ¸r ikke ondt pÃ¥ mig.
+  53. *Soenderjysk*: Ã ka Ã¦e glass uhen at det go mÃ¦ naue.
+  54. *Frysk / Frisian*: Ik kin glÃªs ite, it docht me net sear.
+  55. *Nederlands / Dutch*: Ik kan glas eten, het doet mÄ³ geen kwaad.
+  56. *KirchrÃ¶adsj/BÃ´chesserplat*: Iech ken glaas Ã¨Ã¨se, mer 't deet
+      miech jing pieng.
+  57. *Afrikaans*: Ek kan glas eet, maar dit doen my nie skade nie.
+  58. *LÃ«tzebuergescht / Luxemburgish*: Ech kan Glas iessen, daat deet
+      mir nÃ«t wei.
+  59. *Deutsch / German*: Ich kann Glas essen, ohne mir weh zu tun.
+  60. *Ruhrdeutsch*: Ich kann Glas verkasematuckeln, ohne dattet mich
+      wat jucken tut.
+  61. *Lausitzer Mundart* ("Lusatian"): Ich koann Gloos assn und doas
+      dudd merr ni wii.
+  62. *OdenwÃ¤lderisch*: Iech konn glaasch voschbachteln ohne dass es mir
+      ebbs daun doun dud.
+  63. *SÃ¤chsisch / Saxon*: 'sch kann Glos essn, ohne dass'sch mer wehtue.
+  64. *PfÃ¤lzisch*: Isch konn Glass fresse ohne dasses mer ebbes ausmache
+      dud.
+  65. *SchwÃ¤bisch / Swabian*: I kÃ¥ Glas frÃ¤ssa, ond des macht mr nix!
+  66. *Bayrisch / Bavarian*: I koh Glos esa, und es duard ma ned wei.
+  67. *Allemannisch*: I kaun Gloos essen, es tuat ma ned weh.
+  68. *SchwyzerdÃ¼tsch*: Ich chan Glaas Ã¤sse, das tuet mir nÃ¶d weeh.
+  69. *Hungarian*: Meg tudom enni az Ã¼veget, nem lesz tÅle bajom.
+  70. *Suomi / Finnish*: Voin syÃ¶dÃ¤ lasia, se ei vahingoita minua.
+  71. *Sami (Northern)*: SÃ¡htÃ¡n borrat lÃ¡sa, dat ii leat bÃ¡vÄÄas.
+  72. *Erzian*: ÐÐ¾Ð½ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ ÑÑÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ð´Ð¾, Ð´Ñ Ð·ÑÑÐ½ ÑÐ¹ÑÑÑÐ½Ð·Ñ Ð° ÑÐ»Ð¸.
+      *Karelian*: (NEEDED)
+      *Vepsian*: (NEEDED)
+      *Votian*: (NEEDED)
+      *Livonian*: (NEEDED)
+  73. *Estonian*: Ma vÃµin klaasi sÃ¼Ã¼a, see ei tee mulle midagi.
+  74. *Latvian*: Es varu Äst stiklu, tas man nekaitÄ.
+  75. *Lithuanian*: AÅ¡ galiu valgyti stiklÄ ir jis manÄs neÅ¾eidÅ¾ia
+      *Old Prussian*: (NEEDED)
+      *Sorbian* (Wendish): (NEEDED)
+  76. *Czech*: Mohu jÃ­st sklo, neublÃ­Å¾Ã­ mi.
+  77. *Slovak*: MÃ´Å¾em jesÅ¥ sklo. NezranÃ­ ma.
+  78. *Polska / Polish*: MogÄ jeÅÄ szkÅo i mi nie szkodzi.
+  79. *Slovenian:* Lahko jem steklo, ne da bi mi Å¡kodovalo.
+  80. *Croatian*: Ja mogu jesti staklo i ne boli me.
+  81. *Serbian* /(Latin):/ Mogu jesti staklo a da mi ne Å¡kodi.
+  82. *Serbian* /(Cyrillic):/ ÐÐ¾Ð³Ñ ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸ ÑÑÐ°ÐºÐ»Ð¾ Ð° Ð´Ð° Ð¼Ð¸ Ð½Ðµ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¸.
+  83. *Macedonian:* ÐÐ¾Ð¶Ð°Ð¼ Ð´Ð° ÑÐ°Ð´Ð°Ð¼ ÑÑÐ°ÐºÐ»Ð¾, Ð° Ð½Ðµ Ð¼Ðµ ÑÑÐµÑÐ°.
+  84. *Russian*: Ð¯ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ ÑÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð¾, Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ Ð½Ðµ Ð²ÑÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ.
+  85. *Belarusian* /(Cyrillic):/ Ð¯ Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐºÐ»Ð¾, ÑÐ½Ð¾ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ Ð½Ðµ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð·ÑÑÑ.
+  86. *Belarusian* /(Lacinka):/ Ja mahu jeÅci Å¡kÅo, jano mne ne Å¡kodziÄ.
+  87. *Ukrainian*: Ð¯ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ñ ÑÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐºÐ»Ð¾, Ð¹ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑ.
+  88. *Bulgarian*: ÐÐ¾Ð³Ð° Ð´Ð° ÑÐ¼ ÑÑÑÐºÐ»Ð¾, ÑÐ¾ Ð½Ðµ Ð¼Ð¸ Ð²ÑÐµÐ´Ð¸.
+  89. *Georgian*: ááááá¡ áá­áá áá áá á áá¢áááá.
+  90. *Armenian*: Ô¿ÖÕ¶Õ¡Õ´ Õ¡ÕºÕ¡Õ¯Õ« Õ¸ÖÕ¿Õ¥Õ¬ Ö Õ«Õ¶Õ®Õ« Õ¡Õ¶Õ°Õ¡Õ¶Õ£Õ«Õ½Õ¿ Õ¹Õ¨Õ¶Õ¥ÖÖ
+  91. *Albanian*: UnÃ« mund tÃ« ha qelq dhe nuk mÃ« gjen gjÃ«.
+  92. *Turkish*: Cam yiyebilirim, bana zararÄ± dokunmaz.
+  93. *Turkish* /(Ottoman):/ Ø¬Ø§Ù ÙÙÙ Ø¨ÙÙØ±Ù Ø¨Ú­Ø§ Ø¶Ø±Ø±Ù Ø·ÙÙÙÙÙØ²
+  94. *Bangla / Bengali*: à¦à¦®à¦¿ à¦à¦¾à¦à¦ à¦à§à¦¤à§ à¦ªà¦¾à¦°à¦¿, à¦¤à¦¾à¦¤à§ à¦à¦®à¦¾à¦° à¦à§à¦¨à§ à¦à§à¦·à¦¤à¦¿ à¦¹à§ à¦¨à¦¾à¥¤
+  95. *Marathi*: à¤®à¥ à¤à¤¾à¤ à¤à¤¾à¤ à¤¶à¤à¤¤à¥, à¤®à¤²à¤¾ à¤¤à¥ à¤¦à¥à¤à¤¤ à¤¨à¤¾à¤¹à¥.
+  96. *Hindi*: à¤®à¥à¤ à¤à¤¾à¤à¤ à¤à¤¾ à¤¸à¤à¤¤à¤¾ à¤¹à¥à¤, à¤®à¥à¤à¥ à¤à¤¸ à¤¸à¥ à¤à¥à¤ à¤ªà¥à¤¡à¤¾ à¤¨à¤¹à¥à¤ à¤¹à¥à¤¤à¥.
+  97. *Tamil*: à®¨à®¾à®©à¯ à®à®£à¯à®£à®¾à®à®¿ à®à®¾à®ªà¯à®ªà®¿à®à¯à®µà¯à®©à¯, à®à®¤à®©à®¾à®²à¯ à®à®©à®à¯à®à¯ à®à®°à¯ à®à¯à®à¯à®®à¯ à®µà®°à®¾à®¤à¯.
+  98. *Urdu*(2) <#notes>: ÙÛÚº Ú©Ø§ÙÚ Ú©Ú¾Ø§ Ø³Ú©ØªØ§ ÛÙÚº Ø§ÙØ± ÙØ¬Ú¾Û ØªÚ©ÙÛÙ ÙÛÛÚº ÛÙØªÛ Û
+  99. *Pashto*(2) <#notes>: Ø²Ù Ø´ÙØ´Ù Ø®ÙÚÙÛ Ø´ÙØ ÙØºÙ ÙØ§ ÙÙ Ø®ÙÚÙÙ
+ 100. *Farsi / Persian*: .ÙÙ ÙÛ ØªÙØ§ÙÙ Ø¨Ø¯ÙÙÙ Ø§Ø­Ø³Ø§Ø³ Ø¯Ø±Ø¯ Ø´ÙØ´Ù Ø¨Ø®ÙØ±Ù
+ 101. *Arabic*(2) <#notes>: Ø£ÙØ§ ÙØ§Ø¯Ø± Ø¹ÙÙ Ø£ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ²Ø¬Ø§Ø¬ Ù ÙØ°Ø§ ÙØ§ ÙØ¤ÙÙÙÙ.
+      *Aramaic*: (NEEDED)
+ 102. *Hebrew*(2) <#notes>: ×× × ×××× ××××× ××××××ª ××× ×× ××××§ ××.
+ 103. *Yiddish*(2) <#notes>: ××× ×§×¢× ×¢×¡× ×××Ö¸× ××× ×¢×¡ ××× ×××¨ × ××©× ×°×².
+      *Judeo-Arabic*: (NEEDED)
+      *Ladino*: (NEEDED)
+      *GÇÊ¼Çz*: (NEEDED)
+      *Amharic*: (NEEDED)
+ 104. *Twi*: Metumi awe tumpan, ÉnyÉ me hwee.
+ 105. *Hausa* (/Latin/): InaÌ iya taunar gilaÌshi kuma in gamaÌ laÌfiyaÌ.
+ 106. *Hausa* (/Ajami/) (2) <#notes>: Ø¥ÙÙØ§ Ø¥ÙÙÙ ØªÙÙÙÙØ± ØºÙÙÙØ§Ø´Ù ÙÙÙÙ Ø¥ÙÙ ØºÙÙÙØ§ ÙÙØ§ÙÙÙÙØ§
+ 107. *Yoruba*(3) <#notes>: Mo lÃ¨ jeÌ© dÃ­gÃ­, kÃ² nÃ­ pa mÃ­ lÃ¡ra.
+ 108. *(Ki)Swahili*: Naweza kula bilauri na sikunyui.
+ 109. *Malay*: Saya boleh makan kaca dan ia tidak mencederakan saya.
+ 110. *Tagalog*: Kaya kong kumain nang bubog at hindi ako masaktan.
+ 111. *Chamorro*: SiÃ±a yo' chumocho krestat, ti ha na'lalamen yo'.
+ 112. *Javanese*: Aku isa mangan beling tanpa lara.
+      *Burmese*: (NEEDED)
+ 113. *Vietnamese (quá»c ngá»¯)*: TÃ´i cÃ³ thá» Än thá»§y tinh mÃ  khÃ´ng háº¡i gÃ¬.
+ 114. *Vietnamese (nÃ´m)* (4 <#notes>): äº ð£ ä¸ å¹ æ°´ æ¶ ð¦¡ ç©º ð£ å®³ å¦
+      *Khmer*: (NEEDED)
+      *Lao*: (NEEDED)
+ 115. *Thai*: à¸à¸±à¸à¸à¸´à¸à¸à¸£à¸°à¸à¸à¹à¸à¹ à¹à¸à¹à¸¡à¸±à¸à¹à¸¡à¹à¸à¸³à¹à¸«à¹à¸à¸±à¸à¹à¸à¹à¸
+ 116. *Mongolian* /(Cyrillic):/ ÐÐ¸ ÑÐ¸Ð» Ð¸Ð´ÑÐ¹ ÑÐ°Ð´Ð½Ð°, Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð´ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ Ð±Ð¸Ñ
+ 117. *Mongolian* /(Classic) (5 <#notes>):/ á ªá ¢ á °á ¢á ¯á ¢ á ¢á ³á ¡á ¶á ¦ á ´á ¢á ³á  á ¨á   á  á ¨á  á ³á ¤á ·
+      á ¬á £á ¤á ·á  á ³á  á ¢ á ªá ¢á °á ¢
+      *Dzongkha*: (NEEDED)
+      *Nepali*: (NEEDED)
+ 118. *Tibetan*: à½¤à½ºà½£à¼à½¦à¾à½¼à¼à½à¼à½à½¦à¼à½à¼à½à¼à½à½²à¼à½à¼à½¢à½ºà½à¼
+ 119. *Chinese*: æè½åä¸ç»çèä¸ä¼¤èº«ä½ã
+ 120. *Chinese* (Traditional): æè½åä¸ç»çèä¸å·èº«é«ã
+ 121. *Taiwanese*(6) <#notes>: GÃ³a Ä-tÃ ng chiaÌh po-lÃª, mÄ bÄ tioÌh-siong.
+ 122. *Japanese*: ç§ã¯ã¬ã©ã¹ãé£ã¹ããã¾ããããã¯ç§ãå·ã¤ãã¾ããã
+ 123. *Korean*: ëë ì ë¦¬ë¥¼ ë¨¹ì ì ìì´ì. ê·¸ëë ìíì§ ììì
+ 124. *Bislama*: Mi save kakae glas, hemi no save katem mi.
+ 125. *Hawaiian*: Hiki iaÊ»u ke Ê»ai i ke aniani; Ê»aÊ»ole nÅ lÄ au e Ê»eha.
+ 126. *Marquesan*: E koÊ»ana e kai i te karahi, mea Ê»Ä, Ê»aÊ»e hauhau.
+ 127. *Chinook Jargon:* Naika mÉkmÉk kakshÉt labutay, pi weyk ukuk
+      munk-sik nay.
+ 128. *Navajo*: TsÃ©sÇ«Ê¼ yishÄÌÄgo bÃ­Ã­nÃ­shghah dÃ³Ã³ doo shiÅ neezgai da.
+      *Cherokee* /(and Cree, Ojibwa, Inuktitut, and other Native
+      American languages):/ (NEEDED)
+      *Garifuna*: (NEEDED)
+      *Gullah*: (NEEDED)
+ 129. *Lojban*: mi kakne le nu citka le blaci .iku'i le se go'i na xrani mi
+ 130. *NÃ³rdicg*: LjÅr ye caudran crÃ©neÃ¾ Ã½ jor cáºran. 
+
+/(Additions, corrections, completions,/ /gratefully accepted/
+<mailto:kermit@columbia.edu>/.)/
+
+For testing purposes, some of these are repeated in a *monospace
+font* . . .
+
+   1. Euro Symbol: â¬.
+   2. Greek: ÎÏÎ¿ÏÏ Î½Î± ÏÎ¬Ï ÏÏÎ±ÏÎ¼Î­Î½Î± Î³ÏÎ±Î»Î¹Î¬ ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± ÏÎ¬Î¸Ï ÏÎ¯ÏÎ¿ÏÎ±.
+   3. Ãslenska / Icelandic: Ãg get etiÃ° gler Ã¡n Ã¾ess aÃ° meiÃ°a mig.
+   4. Polish: MogÄ jeÅÄ szkÅo, i mi nie szkodzi.
+   5. Romanian: Pot sÄ mÄnÃ¢nc sticlÄ Èi ea nu mÄ rÄneÈte.
+   6. Ukrainian: Ð¯ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ñ ÑÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐºÐ»Ð¾, Ð¹ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑ.
+   7. Armenian: Ô¿ÖÕ¶Õ¡Õ´ Õ¡ÕºÕ¡Õ¯Õ« Õ¸ÖÕ¿Õ¥Õ¬ Ö Õ«Õ¶Õ®Õ« Õ¡Õ¶Õ°Õ¡Õ¶Õ£Õ«Õ½Õ¿ Õ¹Õ¨Õ¶Õ¥ÖÖ
+   8. Georgian: ááááá¡ áá­áá áá áá á áá¢áááá.
+   9. Hindi: à¤®à¥à¤ à¤à¤¾à¤à¤ à¤à¤¾ à¤¸à¤à¤¤à¤¾ à¤¹à¥à¤, à¤®à¥à¤à¥ à¤à¤¸ à¤¸à¥ à¤à¥à¤ à¤ªà¥à¤¡à¤¾ à¤¨à¤¹à¥à¤ à¤¹à¥à¤¤à¥.
+  10. Hebrew(2) <#notes>: ×× × ×××× ××××× ××××××ª ××× ×× ××××§ ××.
+  11. Yiddish(2) <#notes>: ××× ×§×¢× ×¢×¡× ×××Ö¸× ××× ×¢×¡ ××× ×××¨ × ××©× ×°×².
+  12. Arabic(2) <#notes>: Ø£ÙØ§ ÙØ§Ø¯Ø± Ø¹ÙÙ Ø£ÙÙ Ø§ÙØ²Ø¬Ø§Ø¬ Ù ÙØ°Ø§ ÙØ§ ÙØ¤ÙÙÙÙ.
+  13. Japanese: ç§ã¯ã¬ã©ã¹ãé£ã¹ããã¾ããããã¯ç§ãå·ã¤ãã¾ããã
+  14. Thai: à¸à¸±à¸à¸à¸´à¸à¸à¸£à¸°à¸à¸à¹à¸à¹ à¹à¸à¹à¸¡à¸±à¸à¹à¸¡à¹à¸à¸³à¹à¸«à¹à¸à¸±à¸à¹à¸à¹à¸ 
+
+*Notes:*
+
+   1. The "I can eat glass" phrase and initial translations (about 30 of
+      them) were borrowed from Ethan Mollick's I Can Eat Glass
+      <http://hcs.harvard.edu/~igp/glass.html> page (which disappeared
+      on or about June 2004) and converted to UTF-8. Since Ethan's
+      original page is gone, I should mention that his purpose was offer
+      travelers a phrase they could use in any country that would
+      command a certain kind of respect, or at least get attention. See
+      Credits <#credits> for the many additional contributions since
+      then. When submitting new entries, the word "hurt" (if you have a
+      choice) is used in the sense of "cause harm", "do damage", or
+      "bother", rather than "inflict pain" or "make sad". In this vein
+      Otto Stolz comments (as do others further down; personally I think
+      it's better for the purpose of this page to have extra entries
+      and/or to show a greater repertoire of characters than it is to
+      enforce a strict interpretation of the word "hurt"!):
+
+          This is the meaning I have translated to the Swabian dialect.
+          However, I just have noticed that most of the German variants
+          translate the "inflict pain" meaning. The German example
+          should rather read:
+
+              "Ich kann Glas essen ohne mir zu schaden." 
+
+          (The comma fell victim to the 1996 orthographic reform, cf.
+          http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76.
+
+          You may wish to contact the contributors of the following
+          translations to correct them:
+
+              * LÃ«tzebuergescht / Luxemburgish: Ech kan Glas iessen,
+                daat deet mir nÃ«t wei.
+              * Lausitzer Mundart ("Lusatian"): Ich koann Gloos assn und
+                doas dudd merr ni wii.
+              * SÃ¤chsisch / Saxon: 'sch kann Glos essn, ohne dass'sch
+                mer wehtue.
+              * Bayrisch / Bavarian: I koh Glos esa, und es duard ma ned
+                wei.
+              * Allemannisch: I kaun Gloos essen, es tuat ma ned weh.
+              * SchwyzerdÃ¼tsch: Ich chan Glaas Ã¤sse, das tuet mir nÃ¶d weeh. 
+
+          In contrast, I deem the following translations *alright*:
+
+              * Ruhrdeutsch: Ich kann Glas verkasematuckeln, ohne dattet
+                mich wat jucken tut.
+              * PfÃ¤lzisch: Isch konn Glass fresse ohne dasses mer ebbes
+                ausmache dud.
+              * SchwÃ¤bisch / Swabian: I kÃ¥ Glas frÃ¤ssa, ond des macht mr
+                nix! 
+
+          (However, you could remove the commas, on account of
+          http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P76 and
+          http://www.ids-mannheim.de/reform/e3-1.html#P72, respectively.)
+
+          I guess, also these examples translate the /wrong/ sense of
+          "hurt", though I do not know these languages well enough to
+          assert them definitely:
+
+              * Nederlands / Dutch: Ik kan glas eten; het doet mÄ³ geen
+                pÄ³n. /(This one has been changed)/
+              * KirchrÃ¶adsj/BÃ´chesserplat: Iech ken glaas Ã¨Ã¨se, mer 't
+                deet miech jing pieng. 
+
+          In the Romanic languages, the variations on "fa male" (it) are
+          probably wrong, whilst the variations on "hace daÃ±o" (es) and
+          "damaÄas" (Esperanto) are probably correct; "nocet" (la) is
+          definitely right.
+
+          The northern Germanic variants of "skada" are probably right,
+          as are the Slavic variants of "Å¡kodi/ÑÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¸" (se); however the
+          Slavic variants of " boli" (hv) are probably wrong, as
+          "bolena" means "pain/ache", IIRC.
+
+      The numbering of the samples is arbitrary, done only to keep track
+      of how many there are, and can change any time a new entry is
+      added. The arrangement is also arbitrary but with some attempt to
+      group related examples together. Note: All languages not listed
+      are wanted, not just the ones that say (NEEDED).
+
+   2. Correct right-to-left display of these languages depends on the
+      capabilities of your browser. The period should appear on the
+      left. In the monospace Yiddish example, the Yiddish digraphs
+      should occupy one character cell.
+   3. Yoruba: The third word is Latin letter small 'j' followed by small
+      'e' with U+0329, Combining Vertical Line Below. This displays
+      correctly only if your Unicode font includes the U+0329 glyph and
+      your browser supports combining diacritical marks. The Indic
+      examples also include combining sequences.
+   4. Includes Unicode 3.1 (or later) characters beyond Plane 0.
+   5. The Classic Mongolian example should be vertical, top-to-bottom
+      and left-to-right. But such display is almost impossible. Also no
+      font yet exists which provides the proper ligatures and positional
+      variants for the characters of this script, which works somewhat
+      like Arabic.
+   6. Taiwanese is also known as Holo or Hoklo, and is related to
+      Southern Min dialects such as Amoy. Contributed by Henry H.
+      Tan-Tenn, who comments, "The above is the romanized version, in a
+      script current among Taiwanese Christians since the mid-19th
+      century. It was invented by British missionaries and saw use in
+      hundreds of published works, mostly of a religious nature. Most
+      Taiwanese did not know Chinese characters then, or at least not
+      well enough to read. More to the point, though, a written standard
+      using Chinese characters has never developed, so a significant
+      minority of words are represented with different candidate
+      characters, depending on one's personal preference or etymological
+      theory. In this sentence, for example, "-tÃ ng", "chiaÌh", "mÄ" and
+      "bÄ" are problematic using Chinese characters. "GÃ³a" (I/me) and
+      "po-lÃª" (glass) are as written in other Sinitic languages (e.g.
+      Mandarin, Hakka)."
+   7. Wagner Amaral of Pinese & Amaral Associados notes that the
+      Brazilian Portuguese sentence for "I can eat glass" should be
+      identical to the Portuguese one, as the word "machuca" means
+      "inflict pain", or rather "injuries". The words "faz mal" would
+      more correctly translate as "cause harm". 
+
+
+      ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      The Quick Brown Fox
+
+The "I can eat glass" sentences do not necessarily show off the
+orthography of each language to best advantage. In many alphabetic
+written languages it is possible to include all (or most) letters (or
+"special" characters) in a single (often nonsense) /pangram/. These were
+traditionally used in typewriter instruction; now they are useful for
+stress-testing computer fonts and keyboard input methods. Here are a few
+examples (SEND MORE):
+
+   1. *English:* The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
+   2. *Irish:* "An á¸fuil do ÄroÃ­ ag bualaá¸ Ã³ á¸aitÃ­os an Ä¡rÃ¡ a á¹eall lena
+      á¹Ã³g Ã©ada Ã³ á¹¡lÃ­ do leasa á¹«Ãº?" "D'á¸uascail Ãosa Ãrá¹ac na hÃiÄ¡e
+      Beannaiá¹«e pÃ³r Ãava agus Ãá¸aiá¹."
+   3. *Dutch:* Pa's wÄ³ze lynx bezag vroom het fikse aquaduct.
+   4. *German: * Falsches Ãben von Xylophonmusik quÃ¤lt jeden grÃ¶Ãeren
+      Zwerg. (1)
+   5. *German: * Im finÅ¿teren JagdÅ¿chloÃ am offenen FelsquellwaÅ¿Å¿er
+      patzte der affig-flatterhafte kauzig-hÃ¶fâliche BÃ¤cker Ã¼ber Å¿einem
+      verÅ¿ifften kniffligen C-Xylophon. (2)
+   6. *Swedish:* Flygande bÃ¤ckasiner sÃ¶ka strax hwila pÃ¥ mjuka tuvor.
+   7. *Czech:* PÅÃ­liÅ¡ Å¾luÅ¥ouÄkÃ½ kÅ¯Å ÃºpÄl ÄÃ¡belskÃ© kÃ³dy.
+   8. *Slovak:* StarÃ½ kÃ´Å na hÅbe knÃ­h Å¾uje tÃ­Å¡ko povÃ¤dnutÃ© ruÅ¾e, na
+      stÄºpe sa ÄateÄ¾ uÄÃ­ kvÃ¡kaÅ¥ novÃº Ã³du o Å¾ivote.
+   9. *Russian:* Ð ÑÐ°ÑÐ°Ñ ÑÐ³Ð° Ð¶Ð¸Ð»-Ð±ÑÐ» ÑÐ¸ÑÑÑÑ? ÐÐ°, Ð½Ð¾ ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÑÐ¸Ð²ÑÐ¹ ÑÐºÐ·ÐµÐ¼Ð¿Ð»ÑÑ!
+      ÑÑ.
+  10. *Bulgarian:* ÐÑÐ»ÑÐ°ÑÐ° Ð´ÑÐ»Ñ Ð±ÐµÑÐµ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ»Ð¸Ð²Ð°, ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÑÑÑ, ÐºÐ¾Ð¹ÑÐ¾ ÑÑÑÐ½Ð°,
+      Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÑÐ·Ð½Ð° ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¾ Ð³ÑÐ¾Ð½.
+  11. *Sami (Northern):* Vuol RuoÅ§a geÄggiid leat mÃ¡Åga luosa ja ÄuovÅ¾Å¾a.
+  12. *Hungarian:* ÃrvÃ­ztÅ±rÅ tÃ¼kÃ¶rfÃºrÃ³gÃ©p.
+  13. *Spanish:* El pingÃ¼ino Wenceslao hizo kilÃ³metros bajo exhaustiva
+      lluvia y frÃ­o, aÃ±oraba a su querido cachorro.
+  14. *Portuguese:* O prÃ³ximo vÃ´o Ã  noite sobre o AtlÃ¢ntico, pÃµe
+      freqÃ¼entemente o Ãºnico mÃ©dico. (3)
+  15. *French:* Les naÃ¯fs Ã¦githales hÃ¢tifs pondant Ã  NoÃ«l oÃ¹ il gÃ¨le
+      sont sÃ»rs d'Ãªtre dÃ©Ã§us et de voir leurs drÃ´les d'Åufs abÃ®mÃ©s.
+  16. *Esperanto:* EÄ¥oÅanÄo ÄiuÄµaÅ­de.
+  17. *Hebrew:* ×× ×××£ ×¡×ª× ××©×××¢ ××× ×ª× ×¦× ×§×¨×¤× ×¢×¥ ××× ×××.
+  18. *Japanese* (Hiragana):
+
+          ããã¯ã«ã»ã¸ã©ãã¡ãã¬ãã
+          ãããããããã¤ã­ãªãã
+          ããã®ãããã¾ãããµããã¦
+          ãããããã¿ãããã²ããã (4) 
+
+*Notes:*
+
+   1. Other phrases commonly used in Germany include: "Ein wackerer
+      Bayer vertilgt ja bequem zwo Pfund Kalbshaxe" and, more recently,
+      "Franz jagt im komplett verwahrlosten Taxi quer durch Bayern", but
+      both lack umlauts and esszet. Previously, going for the shortest
+      sentence that has all the umlauts and special characters, I had
+      "GrÃ¼Ãe aus BÃ¤renhÃ¶fe (und Ãechtringen)!" Acute accents are not
+      used in native German words, so I was surprised to discover
+      "Ãechtringen" in the Deutsche Bundespost Postleitzahlenbuch
+      <http://www.columbia.edu/~fdc/misc/oechtringen.jpg> (Vorsicht!
+      2.8MB JPG image). It's a small village in eastern Lower Saxony.
+      The "oe" in this case turns out to be the Lower Saxon "lengthening
+      e" (Dehnungs-e), which makes the previous vowel long (used in a
+      number of Lower Saxon place names such as Soest and Itzehoe), not
+      the "e" that indicates umlaut of the preceding vowel. Many thanks
+      to the Ãechtringen-Namenschreibungsuntersuchungskomitee (Alex
+      Bochannek, Manfred Erren, Asmus Freytag, Christoph PÃ¤per, plus
+      Werner Lemberg who serves as the
+      Ãechtringen-NamenschreibungsuntersuchungskomiteerechtschreibungsprÃ¼fer)
+      for their relentless pursuit of the facts in this case.
+      Conclusion: the accent almost certainly does not belong on this
+      (or any other native German) word, but neither can it be dismissed
+      as dirt on the page. To add to the mystery, it has been reported
+      that other copies of the same edition of the PLZB do not show the
+      accent!
+
+   2. From Karl Pentzlin (Kochel am See, Bavaria, Germany): "This German
+      phrase is suited for display by a Fraktur (broken letter) font. It
+      contains: all common three-letter ligatures: ffi ffl fft and all
+      two-letter ligatures required by the Duden for Fraktur
+      typesetting: ch ck ff fi fl ft ll Å¿ch Å¿i Å¿Å¿ Å¿t tz (all in a manner
+      such they are not part of a three-letter ligature), one example of
+      f-l where German typesetting rules prohibit ligating (marked by a
+      ZWNJ), and all German letters a...z, Ã¤,Ã¶,Ã¼,Ã, Å¿ [long s] (all in a
+      manner such that they are not part of a two-letter Fraktur
+      ligature)." Otto Stolz notes that "'SchloÃ' is now spelled
+      'Schloss', in contrast to 'grÃ¶Ãer' (example 4) which has kept its
+      'Ã'. Fraktur has been banned from general use, in 1942, and long-s
+      (Å¿) has ceased to be used with Antiqua (Roman) even earlier (the
+      latest Antiqua-Å¿ I have seen is from 1913, but then I am no
+      expert, so there may well be a later instance." Later Otto
+      confirms the latter theory, "Now I've run across a book âDeutsche
+      Rechtschreibungâ (edited by Lutz Mackensen) from 1954 (my reprint
+      is from 1956) that has kept the Antiqua-Å¿ in its dictionary part
+      (but neither in the preface nor in the appendix)."
+
+   3. Diaeresis is not used in Iberian Portuguese.
+
+   4. From Yurio Miyazawa: "This poetry contains all the sounds in the
+      Japanese language and used to be the first thing for children to
+      learn in their Japanese class. The Hiragana version is
+      particularly neat because it covers every character in the
+      phonetic Hiragana character set." Yurio also sent the Kanji version:
+
+          è²ã¯åã¸ã© æ£ãã¬ãã
+          æãä¸èª°ã å¸¸ãªãã
+          æçºã®å¥¥å±± ä»æ¥è¶ãã¦
+          æµãå¤¢è¦ã éã²ããã 
+
+*Accented Cyrillic:*
+
+/(This section contributed by Vladimir Marinov.)/
+
+In Bulgarian it is desirable, customary, or in some cases required to
+write accents over vowels. Unfortunately, no computer character sets
+contain the full repertoire of accented Cyrillic letters. With Unicode,
+however, it is possible to combine any Cyrillic letter with any
+combining accent. The appearance of the result depends on the font and
+the rendering engine. Here are two examples.
+
+   1. Ð¢Ð¾Ð¹ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð°ÑÐ° ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ°Ì Ð¿Ð¾ Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð°ÑÐ° Ð¸Ì Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾ÌÑÐ° Ð½Ð° ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¾ÑÐ¾ Ð¸Ì, Ð¸ ÑÐµÌÑÐµ Ð´Ð° Ð¸Ì
+      ÑÐµÑÐµÌ: "ÐÐ°ÑÐ°ÌÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾Ì Ð¿Ð°ÌÑÐ¸ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÌÑÐ°ÑÐ°, Ð½Ðµ ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ¸Ì!", Ð½Ð¾ ÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÌÑÐ»Ð¸:
+      "Ð¥ÐµÐ¹, Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐ»Ð¸Ì ÑÐ¸! ÐÌ Ð¸Ì ÑÐµÐºÐ°, Ð°Ì Ðµ ÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð° Ð² ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¸ ÑÐµÐºÐ°, ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ ÑÐµÑÐµ Ð´Ð°
+      ÑÐµÑÐµÌ, Ð° Ð½Ðµ ÑÐµÌÑÐµ."
+
+   2. ÐÐ¾ Ð¿ÑÌÑÑ Ð¿ÑÑÑÌÐ²Ð°Ñ ÐºÑÌÑÐ´Ð¸ Ð¸ ÑÐ³Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²ÑÌÐ½Ð¸. 
+
+
+      ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      HTML Features
+
+Here is the Russian alphabet (uppercase only) coded in three different
+ways, which should look identical:
+
+   1. ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ Ð¡Ð¢Ð£Ð¤Ð¥Ð¦Ð§Ð¨Ð©ÐªÐ«Ð¬Ð­Ð®Ð¯   /(Literal UTF-8)/
+   2. ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ Ð¡Ð¢Ð£Ð¤Ð¥Ð¦Ð§Ð¨Ð©ÐªÐ«Ð¬Ð­Ð®Ð¯   /(Decimal numeric character
+      reference)/
+   3. ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ Ð¡Ð¢Ð£Ð¤Ð¥Ð¦Ð§Ð¨Ð©ÐªÐ«Ð¬Ð­Ð®Ð¯   /(Hexadecimal numeric character
+      reference)/ 
+
+In another test, we use HTML language tags to distinguish Bulgarian,
+Russian, and Serbian
+<http://www.tiro.com/transfer/Serbian_Rendering.pdf>, which have
+different italic forms for lowercase Ð±, Ð³, Ð´, Ð¿, and/or Ñ:
+
+    *Bulgarian*:   	[ Ð±Ð³Ð´Ð¿Ñ ]   	[ /Ð±Ð³Ð´Ð¿Ñ/ ]   	/ ÐÐ¾Ð³Ð° Ð´Ð° ÑÐ¼ ÑÑÑÐºÐ»Ð¾ Ð¸ Ð½Ðµ
+    Ð¼Ðµ Ð±Ð¾Ð»Ð¸./
+    *Russian*: 	[ Ð±Ð³Ð´Ð¿Ñ ]   	[ /Ð±Ð³Ð´Ð¿Ñ/ ]   	/Ð¯ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ ÑÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð¼Ð½Ðµ
+    Ð½Ðµ Ð²ÑÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ./
+    *Serbian*: 	[ Ð±Ð³Ð´Ð¿Ñ ]   	[ /Ð±Ð³Ð´Ð¿Ñ/ ]   	/ÐÐ¾Ð³Ñ ÑÐµÑÑÐ¸ ÑÑÐ°ÐºÐ»Ð¾ Ð° Ð´Ð° Ð¼Ð¸
+    Ð½Ðµ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¸./
+
+
+      ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+      Credits, Tools, and Commentary
+
+*Credits:*
+    The "I can eat glass" phrase and the initial collection of
+    translations: Ethan Mollick
+    <http://hcs.harvard.edu/~igp/glass.html>. Transcription / conversion
+    to UTF-8: Frank da Cruz. *Albanian:* Sindi Keesan. *Afrikaans:*
+    Johan Fourie, Kevin Poalses. *Anglo Saxon:* Frank da Cruz. *Arabic:*
+    Najib Tounsi. *Armenian:* VaÃ§e KundakÃ§Ä±. *Belarusian:* Alexey
+    Chernyak. *Bengali:* Somnath Purkayastha, Deepayan Sarkar.
+    *Bislama:* Dan McGarry. *Braille:* Frank da Cruz. *Bulgarian:* Sindi
+    Keesan, Guentcho Skordev, Vladimir Marinov. *Cabo Verde Creole:*
+    ClÃ¡udio Alexandre Duarte. *Chinese:* Jack Soo, Wong Pui Lam.
+    *Chinook Jargon:* David Robertson. *Cornish:* Chris Stephens.
+    *Croatian:* Marjan BaÄe. *Czech:* Stanislav Pecha, Radovan GarabÃ­k.
+    *Dutch:* Peter Gotink. Pim Blokland, Rob Daniel, Rob de Wit.
+    *Erzian:* Jack Rueter. *Esperanto:* Franko Luin, Radovan GarabÃ­k.
+    *Estonian:* Meelis Roos. *Farsi/Persian:* Payam Elahi. *Finnish:*
+    Sampsa Toivanen. *French:* Luc Carissimo, Anne Colin du Terrail,
+    Sean M. Burke. *Galician:* Laura Probaos. *Georgian:* Giorgi
+    Lebanidze. *German:* Christoph PÃ¤per, Otto Stolz, Karl Pentzlin,
+    Frank da Cruz. *Gothic:* AurÃ©lien Coudurier. *Greek:* Ariel Glenn,
+    Constantine Stathopoulos, Siva Nataraja. *Hebrew:* Jonathan Rosenne,
+    Tal Barnea. *Hausa:* Malami Buba, Tom Gewecke. *Hawaiian:* na
+    HauÊ»oli Motta, Anela de Rego, Kaliko Trapp. *Hindi:* Shirish Kalele.
+    *Hungarian:* AndrÃ¡s RÃ¡cz, Mark Holczhammer. *Icelandic:* AndrÃ©s
+    MagnÃºsson. *International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA):* Siva Nataraja /
+    Vincent Ramos. *Irish:* Michael Everson, Marion Gunn, James Kass,
+    Curtis Clark. *Italian:* Thomas De Bellis. *Japanese:* Makoto
+    Takahashi, Yurio Miyazawa. *KirchrÃ¶adsj:* Roger Stoffers. *KreyÃ²l:*
+    Sean M. Burke. *Korean:* Jungshik Shin. *LÃ«tzebuergescht:* Stefaan
+    Eeckels. *Lithuanian:* Gediminas Grigas. *Lojban:* Edward Cherlin.
+    *Lusatian:* Ronald Schaffhirt. *Macedonian:* Sindi Keesan. *Malay:*
+    Zarina Mustapha. *Manx:* Ãanna Ã BrÃ¡daigh. *Marathi:* Shirish
+    Kalele. *Marquesan:* Kaliko Trapp. *Middle English:* Frank da Cruz.
+    *Milanese:* Marco Cimarosti. *Mongolian:* Tom Gewecke. *Napoletano:*
+    Diego Quintano. *Navajo:* Tom Gewecke. *NÃ³rdicg*
+    <http://www.langmaker.com/db/mdl_nordicg.htm>: Yáºlyan Rott.
+    *Norwegian:* Herman Ranes. *OdenwÃ¤lderisch:* Alexander HeÃ. *Old
+    Irish:* Michael Everson. *Old Norse:* AndrÃ©s MagnÃºsson.
+    *Papiamentu:* Bianca and Denise Zanardi. *Pashto:* N.R. Liwal.
+    *PfÃ¤lzisch:* Dr. Johannes Sander. *Picard:* Philippe Mennecier.
+    *Polish:* Juliusz Chroboczek. *Portuguese:* "ClÃ¡udio" Alexandre
+    Duarte, Bianca and Denise Zanardi, Pedro Palhoto Matos, Wagner
+    Amaral. *QuÃ©bÃ©cois:* Laurent Detillieux. *Roman:* Pierpaolo
+    Bernardi. *Romanian:* Juliusz Chroboczek, Ionel Mugurel.
+    *Ruhrdeutsch:* "Timwi". *Russian:* Alexey Chernyak, Serge
+    Nesterovitch. *Sami:* Anne Colin du Terrail, Luc Carissimo.
+    *Sanskrit:* Siva Nataraja / Vincent Ramos. *SÃ¤chsisch:* AndrÃ©
+    MÃ¼ller. *SchwÃ¤bisch:* Otto Stolz. *Scots:* Jonathan Riddell.
+    *Serbian:* Sindi Keesan, Ranko Narancic, Boris Daljevic, Szilvia
+    Csorba. *Slovak:* G. Adam Stanislav, Radovan GarabÃ­k. *Slovenian:*
+    Albert Kolar. *Spanish:* Aleida MuÃ±oz
+    <http://www.panix.com/~aleida>, Laura Probaos. *Swahili:* Ronald
+    Schaffhirt. *Swedish:* Christian Rose, Bengt Larsson. *Taiwanese:*
+    Henry H. Tan-Tenn. *Tagalog:* Jim Soliven. *Tamil:* Vasee
+    Vaseeharan. *Tibetan:* D. Germano, Tom Gewecke. *Thai:* Alan Wood's
+    wife. *Turkish:* VaÃ§e KundakÃ§Ä±, Tom Gewecke, Merlign Olnon.
+    *Ukrainian:* Michael Zajac. *Urdu:* Mustafa Ali. *Vietnamese*
+    <http://nomfoundation.org/>: Dixon Au, [James] Äá» BÃ¡ PhÆ°á»c æ ä¼¯ ç¦.
+    *Walloon:* Pablo Saratxaga. *Welsh:* Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru
+    (Andrew). *Yiddish:* Mark David, *Zeneise:* Angelo Pavese.
+
+*Tools Used to Create This Web Page:*
+    The UTF8-aware Kermit 95 <k95.html> terminal emulator on Windows, to
+    a Unix host with the EMACS <http://www.gnu.org/directory/emacs.html>
+    text editor. Kermit 95 displays UTF-8 and also allows keyboard entry
+    of arbitrary Unicode BMP characters as 4 hex digits, as shown HERE
+    <glass.html>. Hex codes for Unicode values can be found in The
+    Unicode Standard <http://www.unicode.org/unicode/uni2book/u2.html>
+    (recommended) and the online code charts
+    <http://www.unicode.org/charts/>. When submissions arrive by email
+    encoded in some other character set (Latin-1, Latin-2, KOI, various
+    PC code pages, JEUC, etc), I use the TRANSLATE command of C-Kermit
+    <ckermit.html> on the Unix host (where I read my mail <safe.html>)
+    to convert the character set to UTF-8 (I could also use Kermit 95
+    for this; it has the same TRANSLATE command). That's it -- no "Web
+    authoring" tools, no locales, no "smart" anything. It's just plain
+    text, nothing more. By the way, there's nothing special about EMACS
+    -- any text editor will do, providing it allows entry of arbitrary
+    8-bit bytes as text, including the 0x80-0x9F "C1" range. EMACS 21.1
+    actually supports UTF-8; earlier versions don't know about it and
+    display the octal codes; either way is OK for this purpose.
+
+*Commentary:*
+    Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2002 13:21:59 +0100
+    From: "Bruno DEDOMINICIS" <b.dedominicis@cite-sciences.fr>
+    Subject: Je peux manger du verre, cela ne me fait pas mal.
+
+    I just found out your website and it makes me feel like proposing an
+    interpretation of the choice of this peculiar phrase.
+
+    Glass is transparent and can hurt as everyone knows. The relation
+    between people and civilisations is sometimes effusional and more
+    often rude. The concept of breaking frontiers through globalization,
+    in a way, is also an attempt to deny any difference. Isn't
+    "transparency" the flag of modernity? Nothing should be hidden any
+    more, authority is obsolete, and the new powers are supposed to
+    reign through loving and smiling and no more through coercion...
+
+    Eating glass without pain sounds like a very nice metaphor of this
+    attempt. That is, frontiers should become glass transparent first,
+    and be denied by incorporating them. On the reverse, it shows that
+    through globalization, frontiers undergo a process of displacement,
+    that is, when they are not any more speakable, they become repressed
+    from the speech and are therefore incorporated and might become
+    painful symptoms, as for example what happens when one tries to eat
+    glass.
+
+    The frontiers that used to separate bodies one from another tend to
+    divide bodies from within and make them suffer.... The chosen phrase
+    then appears as a denial of the symptom that might result from the
+    destitution of traditional frontiers.
+
+    Best,
+    Bruno De Dominicis, Paris, France
+
+*Other Unicode pages onsite:*
+
+    * Peace in All Languages <http://www.columbia.edu/~fdc/pace/>
+    * Frank's Compulsive Guide to Postal Addresses <postal.html>
+      (especially the Index <postal.html#index>)
+    * Representing Middle English on the Web with UTF-8 <st-erkenwald.html>
+    * The Kermit Bibliography <biblio.html> (in UTF-8)
+    * Interchange of Non-English Computer Text <accents.html> (UTF-8
+      math and box-drawing)
+    * Unicode Table <utf8-t1.html> (in UTF-8) 
+
+*Unicode samplers offsite:*
+
+    * Michael Everson's Bibliography of Typography and Scripts
+      <http://www.evertype.com/scriptbib.html>
+    * Sample Unicode Test Pages and Script Links
+      <http://home.att.net/~jameskass/scriptlinks.htm>
+    * I don't know, I only work here <http://crism.maden.org/dunno.html>
+    * Anyone can be provincial!
+      <http://www.trigeminal.com/samples/provincial.html>
+    * Transcriptions of "Unicode"
+      <http://www.macchiato.com/unicode/Unicode_transcriptions.html>
+    * Example Unicode Usage for Business Applications
+      <http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode-example.html>
+    * UTF-8 and Unicode FAQ for Unix/Linux
+      <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html#apps> 
+
+*Unicode fonts:*
+
+    * Unicode Fonts for Windows Computers
+      <http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/fonts.html> (Alan Wood)
+    * Unicode Fonts and Tools for X11
+      <http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs-fonts.html> (Markus Kuhn)
+    * Everson Mono <http://www.evertype.com/emono/> (Michael Everson)
+    * Agfa Monotype <http://www.monotype.com> 
+
+[ Kermit 95 <k95.html> ] [ K95 Screen Shots <glass.html> ] [ C-Kermit
+<ckermit.html> ] [ Kermit Home <index.html> ] [ Display Problems?
+<http://www.unicode.org/help/display_problems.html> ] [ The Unicode
+Consortium <http://www.unicode.org> ]
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------
+UTF-8 Sampler / The Kermit Project <index.html> / Columbia University
+<http://www.columbia.edu> / kermit@columbia.edu
+<mailto:kermit@columbia.edu>
+