X-Git-Url: https://projects.mako.cc/source/fspm_howto/blobdiff_plain/065c74841d7913b88a0080afc2fb257d76e2a95f..6356d08d1336c70711ac47151f80cab78ed8a0e8:/FreeSoftwareDevelopmentHOWTO.sgml diff --git a/FreeSoftwareDevelopmentHOWTO.sgml b/FreeSoftwareDevelopmentHOWTO.sgml index 8c83f39..4499e57 100644 --- a/FreeSoftwareDevelopmentHOWTO.sgml +++ b/FreeSoftwareDevelopmentHOWTO.sgml @@ -401,9 +401,9 @@ Eric S. Raymond writes about how free software projects start in his paper, "The Cathedral and the Bazaar" which comes as required - reading for any free softare development. You can find it online - at - http://www.tuxedo.org/!esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/. + reading for any free softare development. You can find it online + . @@ -475,68 +475,57 @@ freshmeat.net - - Located at at - http://freshmeat.net, freshmeat describes itself as, - the Web's largest index of Linux and Open Source - software and its reputation along these lines remains - unquestioned. If you can't find it on freshmeat, its doubtful - that you'll find it indexed anywhere else. - + freshmeat + describes itself as, the Web's largest index of Linux + and Open Source software and its reputation along + these lines remains unquestioned. If you can't find it on + freshmeat, its doubtful that you'll find it indexed anywhere + else. Slashdot - - Located at - http://slashdot.org, Slashdot provides News - for Nerds: Stuff that Matters, which usually includes - discussion of free software, open source, technology, and - geek culture new and events. It is not unusual for an - particularly sexy develpment effort to be announced here so - it definately worth checking. - + Slashdot + provides News for Nerds: Stuff that Matters, + which usually includes discussion of free software, open + source, technology, and geek culture new and events. It is + not unusual for an particularly sexy develpment effort to be + announced here so it definately worth checking. SourceForge - - Located at - http://sourceforge.net, SourceForge houses and - facilitates a growning number of open source and free - software projects, SourceForge is quickly becoming a nexus - and an necessary stop for free software - developers. SourceForge's - - software map and new releases - pages. should be necessary stops before embarking on a new - free software project. SourceForge also provides a - Code Snippet Library at http://sourceforge.net/snippet/ - which contains useful reusuable chunks of code in an array - of langauges which can come in useful in any project. - + SourceForge + houses and facilitates a growning number of open source and + free software projects, SourceForge is quickly becoming a + nexus and an necessary stop for free software + developers. SourceForge's software + map and new + releases pages. should be necessary stops before + embarking on a new free software project. SourceForge also + provides a at Code Snippet + Library which contains useful reusuable chunks of + code in an array of langauges which can come in useful in any + project. Google and Google's Linux Search - - Located at - http://www.google.com and - - http://www.google.com/linux, provide prowerful web - searches that may reveal people working on similar - projects. It is not a catalog of software or news like - freshmeat or Slashdot, but it is worth checking before you - begin pouring your effort into a redundant project. - + Google and + Google's Linux + Search, provide powwerful web searches that may + reveal people working on similar projects. It is not a + catalog of software or news like freshmeat or Slashdot, but + it is worth checking before you begin pouring your effort + into a redundant project. @@ -582,18 +571,308 @@ - + - - Deciding on a License - - + + Licensing your Software + + + On one level, the difference between a piece of free software and + a piece of propriety software is the license. A license helps both + you as the developer by protecting your legal rights to your + software and helps demonstrate to those who wish to help you or + your project that they are encouraged to join. + + + + Choosing a License + + + Any discussion of licenses is also sure to generate at least a + small flamewar as there are strong feelings that some free + software licenses are better than other free software + licenses. This discussion also brings up the question of + Open Source Software and the debate around + Open Source Software and Free + Software. However, because I've written the Free Software + Development HOWTO and not the Open Source Development HOWTO, my + own allegiences in this argument are out in the open. + + + + In attempting to reach a middle ground, I recommend picking any + license that conforms to the Debian Free Software + Guidlines. Examples of these licenses are the + GPL, the BSD, and the + Artistic License. Conforming to the definition of Free Software + offered by Richard Stallman in The Free + Software Definition, any of these licenses will + uphold, users' freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, + change and improve the software. There are other licenses + as well but sticking with a more common license will offer the + advantage of immediate recognition and undestanding. + + + + In attempting a more in-depth analysis, I agree with Karl Fogel's + description of licenses as falling into two groups: those that + are the GPL and those that are not the + GPL. + + + + Personally, I license all my software under the + GPL. Created and protected by the Free + Software Foundation and the GNU Project, the + GPL is the license for the Linux kernel, + GNOME, Emacs, and the majority of Linux software. Its an easy + choice but I believe it is a good one. However, there + is a viral aspect to the GPLthat prevents the + mixture of GPL'ed code with + non-GPL'ed code. To many people (myself + included), this is a benefit, but to some, it is a major + drawback. + + + + The three major license can be found at the following locations: + + + + + + The GNU + General Public License + + + The + BSD License + + + The Artistic + License + + + + + + In all cases, please read through any license before + your release your software. As the developer, you can't afford + any license surprises. + + + + + The Mechanics of Licensing + + + The text of the GPL offers a good + description of mechanics of applying a license to a piece + of software. A checklist for applying a license would include: + + + + + + + If at all possible, attach and distribute a full copy of + the license with the source and binary in a seperate + file. + + + + + At the top of each source file in your program, attach a + notice of copyright and information on where the full license + can be found. The GPL recommends that each + file begin with: + + +one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does. +Copyright (C) yyyy name of author + +This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or +modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License +as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 +of the License, or (at your option) any later version. + +This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +GNU General Public License for more details. + +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software +Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. + + + + The GPL goes on to recommend attaching + information on contacting you (the author) via email or + physical mail. + + + + + + + The GPL continues and suggests that if your + program runs in an interactive mode, you should have the + program output a notice each time it enters interactive mode + that includes a message like this one that points to more + information about the programs licensing: + + + +Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author +Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details +type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome +to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' +for details. + + + + + Finally, it might be helpful to include a + copyright disclaimer with the program from an + employer or a school if you work as a programmer or if it seems + like your employer or school might be able to make an argument + for ownership of your code. + + + + + + + + Final License Warning + + + Please, please, please, place your software under some + license. It may not seem important, and to you, it may not be, + but licenses are important. For a piece of software to be + included in the Debian GNU/Linux distrobution, it must have a + license that fits the Debian Free Software + Guidelines. If you have no license, your program can be + distributed in part of Debian until you rerelease it under a free + license. Please save yourself and others trouble by releasing the + first version of your software with a clear license. + + + + + Choosing a Method of Version Numbering - + + The most important thing about a system of numbering is + that there is one. It may seem pedantic to emphasize + this point but you'd be surprised at the number of scripts and + small programs that pop up without any version number. + + + + The second most important thing about a system of + numbering is that the numbers always go up. Automatic + versioning systems and people's sense of order in the universe + will fall apart if version numbers don't rise. It doesn't + really matter if 2.1 is a big jump and + 2.0.005 is a small jump but it does matter that 2.1 is more recent + than 2.0.005. + + + + Follow these two rules and you will not go wrong. Still there are + several versioning system that are well known, useful, and that + might be worth looking into before you release your first version. + + + + + Linux kernel version numbering: + + The Linux kernel uses a versioning system where the any + minor odd minor version number refers to an development or + testing release and any even minor version number refers to a + stable version. Under this system, 2.1 and 2.3 kernels were and + always will be development and testing kernels and 2.0, 2.2. and + 2.4 kernels are all production code with a higher degree of + stability. + + + + Whether you plan on having a split development model or only one version released at a time, my + experience with several free software projects and with the + Debian project has taught me taht use of Linux's version + numbering system is worth taking into consideration. In Debian, + all minor versions are stable distributions (2.0, 2.1, + etc). However, many people assume that 2.1 is an unstable or + development version and continue to use an older version until + they get so frusterated with the lack of development and + progress that they complain. If you never release an odd minor + version but only release even ones, nobody is hurt, and less + people are confused. + + + + + + Wine version numbering: + + Because of the unusual nature of wine's development where + it constantly improving but not working towards any immediately + achievable goal, wine is released every three weeks. Wine does + this by versioning their releases in Year Month Day format where + each release might be labeled wine-XXXXXXXX where + the version from Janurary 04, 2000 would be + wine-20000104. For certain projects, Year Month + Day format can make a lot of sense. + + + + + + Mozilla milestones: + + When one considers Netscape 6 and verdor versions, the + mozilla's project development structure is one of the most + complex free software model available. Their version numbering + has reflected the unique situation in which it is + developed. + + + + Mozilla's development structure has historically been made up + of milestones. From teh beginning of the mozilla project, the + goals of the project in the order and degree to which they were + to be achieved were charted out on a series of road + maps. Major points and achievements along this roadmaps + were marked as milestones. Therefore, mozilla was built and + distributed nightly as "nightly builds" but on a day when the + goals of a milestone on the roadmap had been reached, that + particular build was marked as a milstone release. + + + + While I haven't seen this method employed in any other projects + to date, I like the idea and think that it might have value in + any testing or development branch of a large free application + under heavy development. + + + + + @@ -610,13 +889,6 @@ - - - - Nuturing Future Development - - - @@ -625,7 +897,6 @@ Maintaining a Project: Interacting with Developers ->which fswd!developers