Published in Wealth of the Commons: A World Beyond Market and State. Edited by David Bollier and Silke Helfrich. Levellers Press, 2012. [ISBN:978-1937146146 / Website]-
+Traducido por Laura Arjona (larjona99[at]gmail.com). Original (en Inglés), +y otras traducciones disponible en http://mako.cc/writing/hill-freedom_for_users.html.-Also published in German in Commons: Für eine neue Politik Jenseits von Markt und Staat. Edited by Silke Helfrich and David Bollier. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, 2011.
In 1985, Richard Stallman founded the free software movement and published a manifesto asking computer users to join him in advocating for, building, and spreading software that would guarantee its users certain liberties.[1] Stallman published a âFree Software Definitionâ (FSD) that enumerated essential the rights of every user in regards to their software:[2]
+Importante: Esta traducción no está completada. Incluso aunque ya se vean párrafos enteros traducidos, probablemente algunas partes se reescriban para mejorar la redacción, en sucesivas revisiones. Si quieres colaborar, contacta con los traductores (ver arriba).+
Publicado en Wealth of the Commons: A World Beyond Market and State. Editado por David Bollier y Silke Helfrich. Levellers Press, 2012. [ISBN:978-1937146146 / Sitio web]+ +
+ + +También publicado en alemán en Commons: Für eine neue Politik Jenseits von Markt und Staat. Editado por Silke Helfrich y David Bollier. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, 2011.
En 1985, Richard Stallman fundó el movimiento del software libre y publicó un manifiesto pidiendo a los usuarios de ordenadores que se unieran a él en la lucha por construir y difundir software que garantizara a sus usuarios ciertas libertades.[1] Stallman publicó una âDefinición del Software Libreâ (FSD, Free Software Definition) que enumeraba los derechos esenciales de cualquier usuario respecto a su software:[2]
+ +<-- CONTRASTAR CON LA TRADUCCIÃN QUE APARECE EN LA FSF O LA QUE USA EL PROPIO STALLMAN CUANDO HABLA EN ESPAÃOL -->A computer scientist, Stallman understood how programmers shaped software in ways that influenced how users of their code are able to act. Programmers might, for example, design software to spy on, work against, or create dependencies in, their users. As usersâ communication, and their lives, are increasingly mediated by computers, their experience is increasingly controlled by their technology and, by extension, those who control it. If software is âfree,â users can turn off exploitative features and work together to improve and control their technology. For Stallman, free software is critical to a free society.
+Como informático, Stallman entendÃa cómo los programadores daban forma al software de maneras que influenciaban cómo los usuarios de su código podÃan actuar. Los programadors podrÃan, por ejemplo, diseñar software para espiar, trabajar en contra, o crear dependencias a sus usuarios. Al estar la comunicación de los usuarios y sus vidas cada vez más mediadas por ordenadores, su experiencia es cada vez más controlada por su tecnologÃa, y por extensión, por aquellos que la controlan. Si el software es libre, los usuarios pueden desactivar las caracterÃsticas abusivas y trabajar juntos para mejorarlo y controlar su tecnologÃa. Para Stallman, el software libre es crÃtico para una sociedad libre.
+ +Desgraciadamente, mucha gente que oyó el término "free software" (en su original inglés) pensó que la palabra "free" se referÃa al hecho de que el software se distribuÃa sin coste â una entendible fuente de confusión pues el software libre puede ser, y normalmente es, distribuido sin permiso o pago. En intentos concienzudos de aclarar esta confusión, el eslogan âfree as in âfree speechâ not as in âfree beerâ,â (libre de libertad, no como barra libre) y referencias a la distinción entre el francés libre y gratis, llegaron a convertirse en clichés en la comunidad del software libre. Una biografÃa de Stallman se titula "Free as in Freedom", "Libre de Libertad".[3]
+ +A finales de los 90, un grupo de entusiastas del software libre sugirieron un nuevo término: "open source", "código abierto". Como Stallman, este grupo estaba frustrado por la ambigüedad de la palabra "free". Sin embargo, la principal preocupación del grupo del código abierto -
Unfortunately, many people who heard the term âfree softwareâ thought the word âfreeâ referred to the fact that the software was distributed at no cost â an understandable source of confusion because free software can be, and usually is, shared without permission or payment. In concerted attempts to address this confusion, the slogan âfree as in âfree speechâ not as in âfree beerâ,â and references to the distinction between the French libre and gratis, became clichés in the free software community. A biography of Stallman is titled Free as in Freedom.[3]
-In the late 1990s, a group of free software enthusiasts suggested a new term: open source. Like Stallman, this group was frustrated by the ambiguity of word âfree.â However, the open source groupâs primary concern was free softwareâs utility to businesses. Rather than stressing âfreedom,â which they felt would be off-putting to for-profit firms, open source advocates described the technical benefits that the âopennessâ of free software development might bring through collaborations among large networks of users. These calls resonated with high-tech firms at the turn of the millennium when the free software GNU/Linux operating system was surging in popularity and the Apache webserver was dominating a market full of proprietary competitors. The âopen sourceâ concept gained a further boost in 1998 as Netscape publicly released the source code to its Navigator browser.
+In the late 1990s, a group of free software enthusiasts suggested a new term: open source. Like Stallman, this group was frustrated by the ambiguity of word âfree.â However, the open source groupâs primary concern was free softwareâs utility to businesses. Rather than stressing âfreedom,â which they felt would be off-putting to for-profit firms, open source advocates described the technical benefits that the âopennessâ of free software development might bring through collaborations among large networks of users. These calls resonated with high-tech firms at the turn of the millennium when the free software GNU/Linux operating system was surging in popularity and the Apache webserver was dominating a market full of proprietary competitors. The âopen sourceâ concept gained a further boost in 1998 as Netscape publicly released the source code to its Navigator browser.But despite rhetorical and philosophical differences, free software and open source referred to the same software, the same communities, the same licenses, and the same development practices. The Open Source Definition was a nearly verbatim copy of the Free Software Guidelines issued by the Debian free software community, which themselves were an attempt to restate Stallmanâs FSD. Stallman has described the split between free software and open source as the opposite of a schism. In a schism, two religious groups worship separately due to sometimes-minor disagreements about liturgy or doctrine. In free software and open source, the two groups have articulated fundamentally different philosophies, politics, and motivations. Yet both sides continue to work together closely within the same organizations.